How do I make a correct bibliography?

Your bibliography is a list of all the sources you have used in your assignment. The bibliography should only contain the sources that you cite in your assignment. Sources that are cited more than once should only be listed once in the bibliography.

Your bibliography should be placed at the end of the assignment, typically on the page after the conclusion. The list must be set in alphabetical order by the surname of the author. You should not categorize the list by document type.

There is a difference between the way a book, an article or a website are written in the bibliography:

FAQ

Citing sources can be tricky and sometimes leave you with doubt. You can find answers to some of the most common questions in the FAQ:

Which images can I use?

When you use other people's artwork and images, it is important to observe the rules on copyright and author’s rights. It is far from all images you may use as you see fit, and many images are protected by copyright.

However, there are image databases you can use free of charge. Try to google images with creative commons rights or use the library database Colourbox. Remember that no matter where you find the images, always double check that they can be used without the author’s permission.

Images and illustrations that are not your own must always be referenced in a separate image list, which comes after the bibliography. Therefore, when you refer to an image in your text, you must specify an image number and, possibly, a caption. The number will help the reader find the full citation and information about the owner in the image list.

Examples of using images in the text:

In the image list, you write the full reference:

Image 1. (Københavns Museum, Christian Rasmus Neuhaus, 1862 – 1894). Photography of Tivoli's main entrance, Copenhagen.

How do I reference when using AI?

If you want to use generative artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT, Google Gemini, or Microsoft CoPilot to solve a study assignment, you must always first ensure that it is allowed for that specific assignment. Ask your instructors and teachers. They can inform you about the use of AI in solving your assignment, which may vary depending on the education or type of task. Also, check your curriculum, which contains specific guidelines on the use of aids in your assignment solution.

When you need to find sources for your assignment, it is a requirement to refer to an author, theory, or model rather than an artificial intelligence. It is not enough to simply use answers from an AI as a source. For example, you should use sources such as textbooks, academic books, and scientific literature when describing and applying specific theories and models or when using academic and scientific claims in your analyses and discussions. It is crucial that the reader can trace knowledge back to the original source through references. To avoid plagiarism, it is therefore important that you correctly indicate sources in your assignment.

When solving an assignment, you should always be transparent about your method and process. This also applies when using generative artificial intelligence, where you must be transparent about when and how the technology is used. Further down the page, you can see how you can specifically write this into your assignment.

Be transparent!

If you submit content generated by a generative artificial intelligence and present it as your own, it is considered cheating.

Therefore, you should reference when you, for example:

• Reproduce (quote) or rephrase (paraphrase) AI-generated content.
  
• Use generative artificial intelligence as a tool to analyze, synthesize, transcribe, write code, or similar.
  
• Reproduce images you have generated with generative artificial intelligence.

Tools based on generative artificial intelligence fundamentally differ from traditional sources by being generative; they generate new answers for each prompt, and the same prompt can yield different results.

You may consider including prompts and responses as appendices or linking to the conversation in your citation if you have used AI as part of your assignment solution. This may be, for example, if you have used AI to analyze data or create content.

Remember, it is your responsibility to check the requirements for the specific task in the curriculum, in the assignment description, and with your teacher, as there may be special requirements for documentation.

How to reference when using AI

There are many ways to make references, and at KEA there is no adopted standard for referencing. Different programs may use different standards, so always check if there are special requirements for your specific course. Most importantly, you should be consistent and use the same referencing standard throughout your assignment.

See the following examples of how you can refer and cite, for example, ChatGPT, if you are using the Harvard referencing standard:

In the text:

• In the task, I have used ChatGPT-4 (OpenAI, 2024) for idea generation and problem formulation.
• I have used ChatGPT-4 (OpenAI, 2024) for the development of a questionnaire and in the subsequent analysis of empirical data (see Appendix 1 for a transcript of prompts and outputs).
• I have used ChatGPT (OpenAI, 2024) to summarize articles.
• I have used ChatGPT (OpenAI, 2024) to…
• The image was created by DALL-E (OpenAI, 2024) with the prompt 'full moon dance'.

The full reference should be placed in the bibliography and should contain:

Author/Company. Year. Name of AI model (version). Date located*. URL*

* include if relevant

In the bibliography, it would look like this:

Here you should adjust the date, year, URL, and version to match what you have used.

How to reference AI generated images

If you are using images created with generative artificial intelligence, the illustration text should specify which language model and prompt were used to create the images.

Image 1: Generated by DALL-E with the prompt ”eco-friendly”

NOTE: When using images, sound, or video made with artificial intelligence, you must be aware of the licensing conditions for use on the platform. These are not the same for all and affect how you may use the image, for example, whether you are permitted to use it commercially on websites, in graphic materials, etc.

If you are unsure whether a reference is necessary, it is better to refer one time too many than one too few.

Learn more about the rules for using AI in the Exam rules at MITKEA.

How can I keep track of my references?

Digital tools can help you manage citations in your assignment. Using these tools not only ensures consistent and clear citations, it can also enable you to generate your bibliography with a single click.

You can use Word’s reference functionality or choose a standalone program for the job. Both solutions have pros and cons, so choose the one which meets your needs the best.

Standalone applications

Another option is to use a standalone application for organising and citing your references. These programs allow you to organise, collaborate and share your references within your study group. Furthermore, you can use plugins to integrate with other programs and hence get reference functionality in Google Docs and save articles directly from your browser.

Examples of standalone applications: Zotero and Mendeley.